🍷 Support

Home › Spirits › Cognac

Cognac: Cognac

Rows of old cognac casks resting in the dim, beamed ageing cellar of Delamain in Cognac, France

Photo: Timothé Durand on Unsplash

Brandy · France

Brandy from the Charente region in western France, the world's most famous grape spirit.

SpiritCognac
Made fromWhite grapes, mainly Ugni Blanc
TasteDried apricot, vanilla, flowers and spice, gaining nutty, rancio notes with age.
How to drinkOlder cognac neat in a tulip glass; VS in a Sidecar or with tonic.

How it's made

Double distilled in copper Charentais pot stills and aged in French oak. VS is at least 2 years old, VSOP at least 4 and XO at least 10.

Mainly Ugni Blanc grapes make a light, acidic wine that is distilled twice in copper Charentais pot stills, the first pass making the 'brouillis' and the second the 'bonne chauffe'. By law all distillation must finish by 31 March after the harvest.

History

Dutch traders in the 1600s distilled the thin local wine so it would survive shipping, and found it improved in oak. Houses such as Martell (1715), Rémy Martin (1724) and Hennessy (1765) built the trade.

Ageing and label terms

Cognac ages in French oak, usually from Limousin or Tronçais. VS means at least 2 years, VSOP at least 4 and XO at least 10 years for the youngest brandy in the blend.

Styles

Light and fruity young blends for mixing, rounder VSOPs, and rich, nutty, complex XOs. The best crus are Grande Champagne and Petite Champagne; a blend of these two with at least half Grande Champagne is called Fine Champagne.

Rules and protected names

Cognac is a protected AOC. There are six growing areas: Grande Champagne, Petite Champagne, Borderies, Fins Bois, Bons Bois and Bois Ordinaires. Minimum strength is 40% ABV.

How to serve and classic cocktails

Sip older cognacs neat in a tulip glass; VS works with ginger ale or tonic. Classic cocktails: Sidecar, French 75 (the original recipe) and Vieux Carré.

With food

VSOP and XO go well with aged Comté, roasted nuts, foie gras and dark chocolate desserts.

Good to know

Here 'Champagne' refers to the chalky soils of the Cognac area and has nothing to do with sparkling wine. Most growers sell their eaux-de-vie to the big houses for blending.

Producers

Bottles to try

Brandy · France

Rémy Martin VSOP

Ripe apricot, vanilla, liquorice and flowers.

Serve: Neat or in a Sidecar

Brandy · France

Hennessy VS

Fresh and fruity: grape, toasted almond, vanilla and oak.

Strength: 40% · Age and cask: At least 2 years in French oak (VS)

Hennessy was founded in 1765 by Richard Hennessy, an Irish officer who settled in Cognac, and is the largest cognac house. VS is a blend of many young eaux-de-vie, made for mixing.

Serve: With ginger ale, or in a Sidecar

Brandy · France

Martell VSOP Aged in Red Barrels

Smooth and fruity: apricot, plum, vanilla and gentle spice.

Strength: 40% · Age and cask: At least 4 years in French oak (VSOP)

Martell, founded in 1715 by Jean Martell from Jersey, is the oldest of the big cognac houses. Its house style is light and fruity, helped by distilling clear wines without the lees.

Serve: Neat or on ice

Brandy · France

Courvoisier VSOP

Dried apricot, vanilla, toasted almond and soft spice.

Strength: 40% · Age and cask: At least 4 years in French oak

The Courvoisier house is based in Jarnac on the Charente river and has long linked its name to Napoleon, using his silhouette on its bottles. A smooth, rounded VSOP for sipping or mixing.

Serve: Neat, on ice, or in a Sidecar

Brandy · France

Martell Cordon Bleu

Rich and silky: violet, dried apricot, gingerbread, toasted nuts and sweet spice.

Strength: 40% · Age and cask: XO-grade blend, French oak

Created by Édouard Martell in 1912 and still one of the best-known older cognacs. It uses a large share of eaux-de-vie from the Borderies, the smallest cognac cru, which gives its floral, nutty character.

Serve: Neat, at room temperature

Brandy · France

Pierre Ferrand 1840 Original Formula

Bold and fruity: apricot, orange, vanilla and a spicy, punchy finish.

Strength: 45% · Age and cask: Young blend, French oak casks

Built to recreate the bolder, higher-strength cognac that 19th-century bartenders used, after research with cocktail historian David Wondrich. It is made to stand up in mixed drinks.

Serve: In a Sidecar, a Cognac Old Fashioned or a punch

Brandy · France

Hennessy XO

Deep and rich: dried fig, dark chocolate, candied fruit, pepper and spicy oak.

Strength: 40% · Age and cask: XO: blend of eaux-de-vie aged at least 10 years in French oak

Hennessy XO was first blended in 1870 for the family's friends, and is often named as the first cognac sold under the XO label. It is a blend of many eaux-de-vie from the four best crus.

Serve: Neat in a tulip glass, or with a single ice cube

Brandy · France

Rémy Martin XO

Ripe plum, candied orange, jasmine, cinnamon and a long, smooth finish.

Strength: 40% · Age and cask: XO: blend of eaux-de-vie aged at least 10 years in Limousin oak

A Fine Champagne cognac, meaning its grapes come only from Grande and Petite Champagne, with at least half from Grande Champagne. Rémy Martin distils on the lees, which adds richness.

Serve: Neat in a tulip glass after dinner

Brandy · France

Hine Rare VSOP

Elegant and floral: apricot, vanilla, white flowers and a light touch of oak.

Strength: 40% · Age and cask: At least 4 years (VSOP), French oak

A Fine Champagne cognac, blended only from Grande and Petite Champagne eaux-de-vie. The house in Jarnac was founded by Thomas Hine, a young Englishman from Dorset who settled in Cognac in the 1790s.

Serve: Neat, on ice, or in a Sidecar

Brandy · France

Delamain Pale & Dry XO

Delicate and long: dried apricot, vanilla, flowers, a little leather and a dry, clean finish.

Strength: 40% · Age and cask: XO, Grande Champagne eaux-de-vie aged for many years in old French oak

Delamain, in Jarnac, uses only Grande Champagne eaux-de-vie, buys them already aged from growers and finishes ageing them in its own cellars in old casks. No caramel or sugar is added, hence the pale colour and dry style.

Serve: Neat in a tulip glass

Brandy · France

Rémy Martin 1738 Accord Royal

Smooth and round: toffee, baked bread, plum, vanilla and gentle spice.

Strength: 40% · Age and cask: Fine Champagne cognac, aged in toasted French oak casks

Blended only from Grande and Petite Champagne eaux-de-vie, the two top crus of Cognac. The name recalls 1738, when King Louis XV gave the Rémy Martin family permission to plant new vineyards.

Serve: Neat, on ice, or in a Sidecar

Brandy · France

Hennessy VSOP Privilège

Balanced: vanilla, toasted oak, cinnamon, clove and honey.

Strength: 40% · Age and cask: VSOP (at least 4 years), French oak casks

Hennessy says the blend goes back to 1817, when the future King George IV ordered a 'very superior old pale' cognac from the house. It is blended from many eaux-de-vie from the main crus of Cognac.

Serve: On ice, with ginger ale, or in a Sidecar

Brandy · France

Martell Blue Swift

Fruity and smooth: pear, apricot, vanilla, honey and sweet oak.

Strength: 40% · Age and cask: VSOP-age eaux-de-vie, finished in Kentucky bourbon casks

Martell's eaux-de-vie are aged in French oak and then finished in casks that previously held bourbon. The swift in the name is the bird on Martell's emblem.

Serve: Neat, on ice or in a Sazerac

Brandy · France

Courvoisier XO

Rich and layered: candied orange, crème brûlée, iris, dried fruit and spice.

Strength: 40% · Age and cask: XO, youngest eau-de-vie at least 10 years in oak

A blend of eaux-de-vie from the Grande Champagne, Petite Champagne and Borderies crus, aged in the house's cellars at Jarnac on the Charente.

Serve: Neat in a tulip glass

Brandy · France

Frapin VSOP Grande Champagne

Floral and fruity: apricot, vine flowers, vanilla, light oak and a long, elegant finish.

Strength: 40% · Age and cask: At least 4 years, French oak

Frapin uses only grapes from its own estate in Grande Champagne, the top cru of Cognac, and distils them itself. The family has grown vines in the area for centuries.

Serve: Neat in a tulip glass

Also a wine region: Bordeaux wine guide.

More brandy regions

ArmagnacNormandyJerezArmeniaIca ValleyElqui ValleyVeneto (Bassano del Grappa)Black ForestHungaryWestern Cape

Explore all spirits in the interactive guide

The Wine Reference newsletter

New wines, stories and career guides, one email a week at most.

Over 18s only. Unsubscribe any time with one click. Your email is stored securely by Kit and never shared.

Share this pageWhatsAppFacebookXLinkedInPinterestEmail

Support The Wine Reference

This guide is free, with no paywall. If it helped you choose a bottle, you can buy me a glass and keep it growing.

🍷 Buy me a glass